物流供应商可以努力确保二手产品拥有丰富的“第二人生”。
When a package from an e-commerce shopping spree arrives on the doorstep, how many of us think about where it came from? The answer is probably not too many. Perhaps even fewer will think about the carbon footprint generated through all of the steps it took to get the package to our doors.
当网购商品的包裹被送达家门口时，我们有多少人会思考它从哪来？可能不会太多。也许几乎没有人会思考这个包裹在运送过程中所产生的碳足迹。
It is not merely the “last mile” of the logistics process, the delivery, which adds to our carbon footprints but every step of the process: from when a product was manufactured, all the way to when it makes it into our hands. Put simply, the supply chain is extremely carbon intensive, but fortunately, there are a few things we can do to lessen the blow. First and foremost is green supply chain management.
在物流过程中，不仅“最后一英里”（即交付）会增加我们的碳足迹，每一个步骤——从产品制造生产，到产品被送达我们手中——都会产生碳足迹。简而言之，供应链的碳排放非常密集，但幸运的是，我们可以做一些事情来减轻其影响。首先是绿色供应链管理。
Green supply chain management integrates eco-friendly measures into the entire supply chain process, from product design to procurement, and from product delivery to end-of-life disposal. It is impossible for one party to achieve this on their own. Rather, green supply chain management requires an integrated stakeholder approach, ensuring that every activity in the supply chain is more sustainable.
绿色供应链管理将环保措施整合到整个供应链过程中，从产品设计到采购，从产品交付到废弃处理。供应链上的任何一方都不可能独自实现这一目标。绿色供应链管理需要采用利益相关方综合方法，以确保供应链中的每项活动都更具可持续性。
JD.com, as China’s largest retailer and a leading logistics provider, is pioneering the ecosystem approach to green supply chain management in China. Under the “Green Stream Initiative” which was jointly initiated by JD and its partners, including P&G, Nestle, Lego, Unilever, WWF and more in 2017, a number of decarbonizing actions have been implemented throughout the supply chain. The concrete actions that have been taken to ensure responsible consumption, transportation and disposal, include:
京东作为中国最大的零售商和领先的物流供应商，正率先采用生态系统方法来管理中国的绿色供应链。在京东及其合作伙伴（包括宝洁、雀巢、乐高、联合利华、世界自然基金会等）于2017年共同发起的“绿色物流计划”下，整个供应链已采取了许多脱碳措施，以确保负责任的消费、运输和废弃处理：
1. Package design
1. 包装设计
When we think about a single package, the amount of tape used to secure each one might seem insignificant. But what if we are talking about the 63 billion parcels in circulation in China’s logistics industry in 2019? It turns out that narrowing the tape, from 54mm to 45mm as JD did four years ago, can make a big difference. By adopting slimmer tape, without using too little that the package would not be sealed properly, over 15% of total tape used has been saved. Given the massive amount of packages JD generates, the company estimates that at least 100 million metres of tape can be reduced each year.
当我们考虑单个包装时，用于固定每个包装的胶带数量似乎微不足道。但是，如果我们要谈论的是2019年中国物流业的630亿个包裹呢？事实证明，像四年前的京东一样，将胶带从54毫米缩窄到45毫米可以产生很大的作用。使用更细的胶带，同时保证包装能够合理密封，这样能使胶带总使用量节省15％以上。鉴于京东产生大量包裹，公司预计每年至少可以少用1亿米的胶带。
This standard has not only been implemented by JD; partners across the logistics industry in China have followed suit. To further encourage minimizing packaging in the industry, JD initiated a green packaging standards alliance and a green packaging R&D centre in collaboration with partners, both of which are a first for the industry, and contribute to building awareness and standardization of green packages in the e-commerce and logistics industry.
不仅京东实行这一标准；中国物流业的合作伙伴也纷纷效仿。为了进一步鼓励业界实现最小化包装，京东与合作伙伴共同发起了绿色包装标准联盟和绿色包装研发中心，这些都是业界首创，有助于提高电商和物流业对绿色包装的认识，提高绿色包装标准化。
2. Procurement
2. 采购
Minimizing secondary packages and waste is the collective goal for the upstream and downstream partners in the supply chain ecosystem. One solution to this is using packaging boxes that can be circulated throughout the ecosystem, instead of just used once.
最大限度地减少二次包装和浪费是供应链生态系统上游和下游合作伙伴的共同目标。一种解决方案是使用可在整个生态系统中循环使用的包装盒。
At the same time, by closely working with upstream partners, employing measures such as co-designing packages with manufacturers, or moving our packaging operations into manufacturers’ premises instead of our own warehouses, more and more primary packaging can now be used for direct shipment, greatly improving operational efficiency and reducing packaging waste. With our support, consumer goods giant P&G has now fully adopted original packaging delivery in all its e-commerce operations in China.
同时，通过与上游合作伙伴紧密合作，采取措施（如与制造商共同设计包装，或者包装的地点从我们自己的仓库转移到制造商的场所），现在越来越多的初级包装可用于直接运输，大大提高了运营效率，减少了包装浪费。在我们的支持下，消费品巨头宝洁公司现已在其所有中国电商业务中完全采用原始包装交付模式。
3. Green warehousing
3. 绿色仓储
Behind an efficient logistics operation are large-scale, highly-automated warehouses. How to power those warehouses to ensure that they can meet the needs of the business, without causing a massive amount of pollution is a key consideration. As such, on the warehouse roofs of JD’s Asia No. 1 logistics fulfillment center in Shanghai, a massive distributed photovoltaic power generation system has been built, supplying electricity for the highly automated warehouses and connecting to the power grid. It is expected that by 2030, the power generation area will reach 200 million square metres, becoming the largest powerhouse of clean energy of this kind.
高效的物流运营背后是高度自动化的大型仓库。需要考虑的一个关键问题是，如何为这些仓库供电以确保它们能够满足业务需求，而又不会造成大量污染。因此，京东在亚洲第一物流配送中心的仓库屋顶上，建造了大型分布式光伏发电系统。该系统为高度自动化的仓库供电，并连接到电网。预计到2030年，发电面积将达到2亿平方米，将会成为此类清洁能源的最大动力源。
Furthermore, in some of the automated areas, robots can operate in the dark, so there is no need for lighting systems. The rain collection system below the warehouses serves as a water reservoir for irrigation use in green areas of the fulfillment centre. Inside the warehouses, as well as JD’s delivery stations (the last consolidation point before packages are sent to consumers), we are going paperless by using electronic order slips, which saves a large amount of paper.
此外，在某些自动化区域，机器人可以在黑暗中进行操作，因此不需要照明系统。仓库下方的雨水收集系统用作配送中心绿化区域的灌溉用水蓄水池。在仓库以及京东的送货站（将包裹递送给消费者之前的最后一个整合点）内部，我们正在使用电子订单来实现无纸化，从而节省了大量纸张。
4. Transportation
4. 交通运输
We can further green the supply chain by using electric vehicles, thus reducing the impact of getting products from one place to another. To date, JD has introduced more than 5,000 self-operated electric vehicles in 50 cities cross China. Over 1,600 charging terminals have been installed across the country. Electric motorcycles are used by many of the couriers during the last-mile delivery process, further helping to reduce CO2 emissions and traffic congestion.
我们可以通过使用电动汽车来进一步实现绿色供应链，从而减少将产品从一个地方转移到另一个地方所产生的影响。迄今为止，京东已在中国50个城市推出了5000多辆电动汽车。全国已安装了1600多个充电终端。在最后一英里的运送过程中，许多快递员使用了电动摩托车，进一步减少了二氧化碳的排放，也缓解了交通拥堵。
5. Product delivery
5. 产品交付
Products can be delivered in recyclable boxes and insulated cold chain containers, which can be used repeatedly in the packaging, distribution and delivery phases. To incentivize customers to participate, we provide customers who join our box recycling programme with loyalty points and rebates.
产品可以在可回收利用的盒子和绝缘的冷链容器中交付，这些包装盒可以在包装、配送和交付阶段重复使用。为了激励客户参与，我们为加入包装盒回收计划的客户提供了忠诚度积分和折扣。
6. End-of-life product management
6. 废弃产品管理
In order to track and give many used products a fruitful second life, JD has used its digital platform and logistics to ensure that used products, such as clothes, toys, books and more make it to their new homes. Some of these products are reused by charity organizations, some are recycled by professional recycling institutions, and some are redesigned into new products.
为了追踪二手产品，并让它们获得丰富的“第二人生”，京东利用其数字平台和物流来确保二手产品（例如衣服、玩具、书籍等）能够被送达它们的新家。其中一些产品已由慈善组织重复使用，一些产品已由专业的回收机构回收，还有一些产品则被重新设计为新产品。
In late 2019, JD and Coca-Cola China co-piloted a recycling program in Shanghai. JD’s courier team collected used bottles from 50,000 households when they delivered packages to consumers. With the collected bottles, designers turned the PET materials into couriers’ uniforms and other lifestyle products. The cooperation aims to help more people understand the value of recycling and help shape their daily behaviour, including waste sorting, recycling and sustainable consumption.
2019年末，京东和可口可乐中国在上海共同发起了一项回收计划。京东的速递团队在向消费者运送包裹时从5万户家庭中收集了旧瓶子。设计师用收集的瓶子将PET材料制成快递员的制服和其它生活用品。这项合作旨在帮助更多的人了解回收的价值，并帮助他们养成垃圾分类、回收利用和可持续消费的日常行为习惯。
