外国语学院

教学案例21:技术手册类汽车技术翻译案例(1)

作者:时间:2026-10-10点击数:

案例背景

本案例选取国内智能网联汽车仿真测试合规评审的技术规范,文本围绕仿真测试实施规则与流程审查要点展开,涵盖实施主体选择、测试方法要求、核心软硬件核查、动力学标定验证等核心模块,属于汽车检测认证领域技术规范类文本的典型样本。翻译过程中以国际通用汽车技术手册为语体参照,目标产出符合汽车工程行业表达规范的英文译本,定位为汽车技术翻译方向的教学案例,旨在帮助学习者掌握专业术语定名、技术规范语体适配与句式逻辑重构的核心方法。

Ø 原文与译文

仿真测试实施由企业自主完成或委托第三方检测认证机构开展,具体实施形式由企业结合自身情况合理选择。为保证结果的公平、公正,无论企业选择何种方式,均需由试验人员对实施测试的环境进行现场或远程审核。作为评分前提,若发现提交的报告与实际测试环境不符,则取消此次车型的仿真评分资格。

测试方法应结合实际情况进行灵活选择,包括但不限于硬件在环(HIL)、整车在环(VIL),此处推荐使用物理级传感器信号仿真设备来提高仿真的测试精度,如视频暗箱、视频注入、毫米波雷达回波模拟器、超声波雷达回波模拟器等。

Simulation testing may   be performed in-house by the enterprise or commissioned to a third-party   testing and certification body. The specific implementation approach shall be   selected by the enterprise as appropriate to its operational conditions. To   ensure fair and impartial test results, test engineers shall conduct on-site or   remote audits of the test environment, regardless of the implementation   approach adopted. As a prerequisite for valid scoring, any discrepancy   between the submitted report and the actual test environment shall result in   disqualification of the corresponding vehicle model from simulation scoring.

Test methods shall be   flexibly selected in accordance with actual conditions, including but not   limited to Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) and Vehicle-in-the-Loop (VIL).   Physical-level sensor signal simulator is recommended to improve simulation   test accuracy, such as video boxes, video injection systems, millimeter-wave   radar echo simulators, and ultrasonic echo simulators.

仿真测试流程合规报告主要考察实际的测试环境是否满足仿真的基本要求,认定是否能够实现仿真场景的构建以及整体的闭环测试。审查重点为核心软硬件、车辆动力学标定、被测设备、信号流示意图四大部分:

1)核心软件:应描述场景仿真软件、车辆动力学仿真软件、试验管理软件、自动化测试软件(若有)的类型和版本;核心硬件:应描述实时仿真系统、机柜、数据采集板卡、通讯接口板卡、物理级传感器信号仿真设备(若有)的品牌与具体型号;

The compliance report   for simulation test process primarily verifies whether the physical test   environment satisfies the basic prerequisites for simulation, and determines   whether simulation scenario can be constructed and full closed-loop testing   can be implemented. The review covers four core modules: core software and   hardware, vehicle dynamics calibration, device under test (DUT), and signal   flow graphs.

1) Core Software: The type and version shall   be specified for scenario simulation software, vehicle dynamics simulation   software, test management software, and automated test software (where   applicable). Core Hardware: The make and exact model shall be specified for   real-time simulation systems, equipment cabinets, data acquisition (DAQ)   boards, communication interface boards, and physical-level sensor signal   simulators (where applicable);

2)车辆动力学标定结果对比:应参考 GB/T 12544、GB/T12543、GB/T 12676、GB/T 6323等国家推荐标准,结合自身的试验条件,对车辆的横纵向参数进行标定,以提高模拟仿真的置信度;

3)被测设备:应描述该驾驶自动化系统的设计运行域以及可以释放的功能规范,同时对该系统的传感器配置以及主要参数进行说明,如镜头模组、毫米波雷达的安装位置、FOV、探测最大/最小距离、加速度、精度、目标物信息等;

4)信号流示意图应说明执行本次测试的整体交互逻辑,包含测试场景、车辆动力学模型、传感器物理级信号、被测对象的数据流向与通讯方式,同时指出各软件的部署位置与硬件架构。

2) Comparison of   Vehicle Dynamics Calibration Results: Reference shall be made to national   recommended standards including GB/T 12544, GB/T 12543, GB/T 12676 and GB/T   6323. Lateral and longitudinal vehicle parameters shall be calibrated in   light of the enterprise’s in-house test conditions to improve the confidence   level of simulation.

3) Device Under Test   (DUT): The Operational Design Domain (ODD) and releasable functional   specifications of the automated driving system shall be documented. The   sensor configuration and key parameters of the system shall also be   specified, covering the mounting position, Field of View (FOV), maximum and   minimum detection ranges, acceleration, accuracy and target information of   camera modules and millimeter-wave radars.

4) Signal Flow Diagram:   The signal flow diagram shall illustrate the overall interaction logic of the   test, covering the data flow and communication modes among test scenarios,   vehicle dynamics models, physical-level sensor signals and the device under test,   as well as the deployment location of each software component and the   hardware architecture.

Ø 译文解析:

该文本翻译遵循汽车技术文档的通用译写原则,全程采用被动语态弱化主观执行主体,通过情态动词shall与may明确强制要求与可选方案的效力层级。针对中文的条款表述,拆分长句并重构逻辑关系,明确呈现条件、并列等内在语义逻辑;专业术语严格对标行业通用定名,统一缩写规范,同时将中文动态化的处置表述转换为英文偏好的静态名词化结构,从而保障文本的严谨性与行业适配性。

1) 本段翻译重难点集中在专业术语规范、技术语体适配与句式逻辑重构三个层面。中文开篇以长句串联实施主体、委托路径与选型规则,若直译易造成句式拖沓、权责边界模糊,需按英文汽车技术手册的行文逻辑拆分重组,厘清可选方案与强制要求的层级。文中仿真测试专有设备与技术概念密集,翻译需严格遵循汽车工程行业标准定名,不可生硬直译,同时结合技术文档表达习惯做适度精简补全。规则类表述需准确把控情态动词效力,将中文动态条件句式转换为英文技术文本偏好的静态名词化表达,契合技术手册严谨平实的整体风格。

经AI辅助翻译并优化提示词后,生成以下译文:

Simulation tests may be performed in-house by enterprises or entrusted to third-party inspection, testing and certification bodies, and enterprises shall reasonably select the specific implementation mode based on their actual conditions. To ensure fair and impartial test results, test engineers shall conduct on-site or remote audits of the test environment regardless of the mode adopted by the enterprise. As a prerequisite for scoring, if the submitted report is found inconsistent with the actual test environment, the vehicle model in question shall be disqualified from simulation scoring for this round.

Test methods shall be flexibly selected according to practical scenarios, including but not limited to Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) and Vehicle-in-the-Loop (VIL). To enhance simulation test accuracy, physical-level sensor signal simulation equipment is hereby recommended, such as video dark boxes, video injection systems, millimeter-wave radar echo simulators, ultrasonic radar echo simulators and other relevant devices.

AI译后编辑要点:

(1) “委托”选用commissioned,为汽车行业委托检测/测试的固定用词,替代通用表达entrusted;

(2) 优化“实施方式”的术语表达,将implementation mode修改为implementation approach。后者以“实施路径、落地方案”的语义内涵匹配企业自主选型的场景,相较侧重“运行模式”的mode,更适配工程管理类表述的表达习惯;

(3) 改写条件规则的句式形态,将if引导的条件状语从句转换为“any discrepancy... shall result in”的名词主语句式。摒弃口语化的假设句式后,采用英文技术文档偏好的静态名词化表达,规则语气更显客观权威;

(4) 补充语义限定以明确规则边界,在scoring前增加修饰词valid。这一改动明确了规则作为“有效评分”前置条件的属性,使规则适用范围更为清晰;

(5) 升级介词短语的正式层级,将based on、according to等通用介词短语替换为as appropriate to、in accordance with,符合汽车技术手册的规范语体要求,提升文本的正式感与严谨度。

2) 本段翻译重难点主要在于汽车仿真测试领域的术语标准化与合规文本的语体适配。“车辆动力学标定”“被测设备”“数据采集板卡”等细分专业词汇需严格匹配汽车测试行业通用译法,规避通用词典的泛化释义;中文原文无主句多、并列条目密集,需重构符合英文技术手册逻辑的句式,同时区分“考察、认定、审查”三类近义动作的语义层级,在精简篇幅的同时保证信息传递精准。

经AI辅助翻译并优化提示词后,生成以下译文:

Compliance reports for simulation test processes primarily verify whether the physical test environment meets the basic prerequisites for simulation, and determine whether simulation scenarios construction and full closed-loop testing can be implemented. The inspection focuses on four core sections: core software and hardware, vehicle dynamics calibration, equipment under test, and signal flow diagrams.

1)Core Software: Specify the type and version of scenario simulation software, vehicle dynamics simulation software, test management software, and automated test software (if applicable). Core Hardware: State the brand and exact model of real-time simulation systems, cabinets, data acquisition boards, communication interface boards, and physical-level sensor signal simulation equipment (if applicable).

AI译后编辑要点:

(1) 术语层面做了行业化校准。将消费语境的brand替换为工业硬件标准表述make,signal flow diagrams调整为测试领域常用的signal flow graphs,契合行业阅读习惯;

(2) 句式上统一采用shall be specified的强制被动语态,替代原译偏口语的主动祈使表达,契合合规报告的刚性要求;

(3) 补充了DAQ、DUT等行业通用缩写,符合专业技术文档的编写惯例。理顺了生硬的名词堆叠结构,转为被动句式更符合英文技术文本表达逻辑;

(4) 条件表述也做了语体升级。使用正式的where applicable替代口语化的if applicable,整体风格严谨统一。

3) 本段翻译重难点在于专业术语的行业标准化处理与技术语体的准确把握两个方面。文本包含车辆动力学标定、自动驾驶运行域、传感器性能参数等专业概念,涉及ODD、FOV等行业通用缩写与多项国家推荐标准编号,术语翻译必须严格遵循汽车工程领域的标准定名,不可随意直译。原文以流水句式罗列各项规范要求,翻译时需统一转换为英文技术手册惯用的被动语态,规范使用情态动词shall体现规则约束力,同时保证长串参数列举的句式平行、内在逻辑连贯。

经AI辅助翻译并优化提示词后,生成以下译文:

2)Comparison of Vehicle Dynamics Calibration Results: Reference shall be made to national recommended standards including GB/T 12544, GB/T 12543, GB/T 12676 and GB/T 6323. The lateral and longitudinal vehicle parameters shall be calibrated in light of the enterprise’s in-house test conditions to improve the confidence level of simulation.

3)Device Under Test (DUT): The operational design domain (ODD) of the automated driving system and the specifications of its releasable functions shall be described. Meanwhile, the sensor configuration and key parameters of the system shall be specified, covering the mounting position, field of view (FOV), maximum/minimum detection range, acceleration, accuracy and target object information of camera modules and millimeter-wave radars.

4)Signal Flow Diagram: The signal flow diagram shall illustrate the overall interaction logic of this test, including the data flow and communication modes of test scenarios, vehicle dynamics models, physical-level sensor signals and the device under test, and shall specify the deployment location of each software component and the hardware architecture.

AI译后编辑要点:

(1) 统一自动驾驶核心术语的行业规范译法,对Operational Design Domain、Field of View采用首字母大写格式并保留标准缩写;将通用表述described替换为documented,契合技术文档“正式载明”的语体属性;优化“功能规范”“目标物信息”为functional specifications、target information,适配行业通用表达;

(2) 调整信号流部分的介词逻辑,用among明确多测试要素间的交互关系;以covering衔接参数列举内容,删去衔接词meanwhile,整合松散的定语结构,使行文更加紧凑凝练;

(3) 统一全段被动语态的表述节奏,弱化主观执行主体,强化技术规范的客观严谨属性。

Ø 词汇解析

中文术语

标准英文译法

仿真测试

Simulation testing

硬件在环(HIL)

Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL)

设计运行域(ODD)

Operational Design Domain   (ODD)

车辆动力学标定

Vehicle dynamics calibration

被测设备(DUT)

Device Under Test (DUT)

信号流示意图

Signal Flow Graph

毫米波雷达回波模拟器

Millimeter-wave radar echo   simulator

置信度

Confidence level


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